416 is a martensitic stainless steel grade formulated with a low level of sulfur, 10-14% chromium, and without any nickel. This grade has excellent machinability, moderate corrosion resistance, and can be heat-treated to provide high levels of strength and toughness. As it is martensitic, it also has a high relative magnetic permeability.
The trade-off for its excellent machinability is its lower corrosion resistance compared to other stainless steel alloys, so it should not be used in marine applications or where it would be exposed to chlorides. Additionally, its weldability and formability are poor, so 416 stainless steel rounds are often preferred over other geometries as they can be machined rather than formed.
416 stainless steel is a popular choice for applications that require strength and corrosion resistance, including pump shafts and washing machine components.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Material Type | Martensitic stainless steel | UNS S41600 |
| Density | 0.282 lb/in3 | |
| Melting Point | ~1,480-1,530 °C | ~2,700–2,790 °F |
| Hardness (Brinell) | ~ 155 (annealed) | Max 401 after heat treatment |
| Tensile Strength | ~517 MPa (annealed) | ~75,000 psi |
| Yield Strength | ~275 MPa (annealed) | ~39,900 psi |
| Elongation at Break | ~30% (annealed) | |
| Modulus of Elasticity | ~200 GPa | ~29.0x106 psi |
| Corrosion Resistance | Moderate to good | Resists atmospheric corrosion, not suitable for marine or chloride uses |
| Magnetism | Magnetic | Permeability (μᵣ) ~700-1000 (High) |
| Heat Treatment | Can be hardened and tempered to Condition T and Condition H | |
| Machinability | Very good | ~85% of 1012 steel |
| Weldability | Poor | Preheat and use Alloy 410 low-hydrogen electrodes |
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