Grade 5 titanium, also referred to as Ti6Al4V to reflect its composition, is known for its high strength, low weight, and high biocompatibility. These characteristics open up a host of specialist and high-performance applications from gas turbines and aircraft to race vehicles and medical implants.
Grade 5 titanium is a two-phase alloy where aluminum and vanadium create both hexagonal close-packed (HCP) and body-centered cubic (BCC) structures. These have complimentary strengths, with the HCP α-phase, stabilized by aluminum, providing toughness while the vanadium-stabilized BCC β-phase provides strength. The inclusion of aluminum lowers density below that of pure titanium, resulting in an alloy that’s extremely light but exceptionally strong. Its mechanical properties are retained up to around 427°C (800°F).
Grade 5’s corrosion resistance is excellent, and it holds up especially well against seawater.
While Ti6Al4V is machinable and weldable, although careful setup is needed for both, and cold forming is not recommended. Machinability is challenging due to its low thermal conductivity and a pronounced tendency to stick to cutting tools. When welding (GTAW/TiG preferred), excellent shielding is essential to exclude gases like oxygen.
Titanium Grade 5 is available in bar, tube, sheet and plate forms. As sheet and plate, it’s specified as AMS 4911 and AMS 4928 for its bar form.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Material Type | 2-phase (α+β) titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy | UNS R56400 |
| Composition | 6% aluminum, 4% vanadium, 0.3% iron, balance titanium | |
| Density | 4.43 g/cm3 | 0.160 lb/in3 |
| Melting Point | ~ 1604 - 1660 °C | ~ 2919 - 3020 °F |
| Hardness (Brinell) | ~ 334 | |
| Tensile Strength | ~ 895 MPa (annealed) | ~ 130,000 psi |
| Yield Strength | ~ 828 MPa (annealed) | ~ 120,000 psi |
| Elongation at Break | ~ 10 - 15% | |
| Modulus of Elasticity | ~ 114 GPa | ~ 16.5 x 106 psi |
| Corrosion Resistance | Excellent, especially against seawater | |
| Magnetism | No | |
| Heat Treatment | Solution treatment, aging, and quenching to tailor the α to β ratio | Higher β = higher strength |
| Higher α = higher toughness | ||
| Machinability | Poor. Low thermal conductivity and may stick to cutting tools | |
| Weldability | Good. GTAW are TIG the recommended methods. | Requires excellent shielding to exclude oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen |
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